我要通过一颗沙砾看透整个世界

老师简介：乐柯健
上海新东方学校考研阅读、四级阅读主讲老师。毕业于上海外国语大学国际企业管理专业。大学英语专业8级，成绩优秀。毕业后放弃了众多外企的邀请，加盟新东方。擅长以严谨的教学思路、幽默的语言风格、轻松的课堂气氛，深入浅出的阐释博大精深的考研阅读文章。

阅读是生活工作中获取知识和信息的主要手段，也是我们目前各类英语考试的强调重点，可以毫不夸张地说“任何一门英语考试，得阅读者得天下”。我们的六级考试也是如此，阅读理解独占整张试卷的40%，加上有可能考的简答和翻译的10%，他们都是以阅读作为基础的，占据了整张试卷的半壁江山。以前，我们很多考生被六级的文章折磨得死去活来，是因为大家没有掌握方法。“工欲善其事，必先利其器”。让我们练就一双慧眼，来洞穿六级阅读的迷雾。

兵家要言：“知己知彼，百战不殆”。考场如战场，只有将命题的思路，解题的方法等方方面面的知识了然于胸，才能做到胜券在握。六级阅读文章以议论文和说明文为主；文章选材广泛。根据大纲要求考生能够掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；把握与主旨和大意有关的事实和细节；既能理解单句的意思，又能理解上下文的逻辑关系；既能读懂字面意思，又能推断出隐含之意；根据上下文判断词汇、短语、句子的特定含义；领会作者的观点、态度、意图。从题型来看，尽管提问方式千变万化，但题型却是相对稳定，以细节事实题和推理判断题为主，根据2005年的两次考试，细节事实题和推理判断题分别考了8道和9道，考生应把这两种题型作为复习的重点。从命题特点来看，命题专家出题的主要位置都在段首，段尾句，主要考察的就是考生们的两大能力：确定文章主题；根据题干快速返回原文定位。因此我们以后再做类似训练中，首先要通读全文，重点关注首段和每一段的首末句，迅速抓住整篇文章以及每一段的中心，了解整篇文章的框架结构；然后根据题干当中的中心词，返回原文定位；最后把选项和原文进行重叠，找出正确答案。下面就2005年6月最新的六级考试第一篇阅读理解做一个详细地分析。

Passage One

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

1．Low-level slash-and-burn farming doesn’t harm rainforest. On the contrary, it helps farmers and improves forest soils. This is the unorthodox view of a German soil scientist who has shown that burnt clearings in the Amazon, dating back more than 1,000 years, helped creates patches of rich, fertile soil that farmers still benefit from today.

2．Most rainforest soils are thin and poor because they lack minerals and because the heat and heavy rainfall destroy most organic matter in the soils within four years of it reaching the forest floor. This means topsoil contains few of the ingredients needed for long-term successful farming.

3．But Bruno Glaser, a soil scientist of the University of Bayreuth, has studied unexpected patches of fertile soils in the central Amazon. These soils contain lots of organic matter.

4．Glaser has shown that most of this fertile organic matter comes from “ black carbon” --- the organic particles from camp fires and charred (烧成炭的) wood left over from thousands of years of slash-and-burn farming. “  The soils, known as Terra Preta, contained up to 70 times more black carbon than the surrounding soils,” says Glaser.

5．Unburnt vegetation rots quickly, but black carbon persists in the soil for many centuries. Radiocarbon dating shows that the charred wood in Terra Preta soils is typically more than 1,000 years old.

6．“Slash-and-burn farming can be good for soils provided it doesn’t completely burn all the vegetation, and leaves behind charred wood,” says Glaser. “It can be better than manure (粪肥).” Burning the forest just once can leave behind enough black carbon to keep the soil fertile for thousands of years. And rainforests easily regrow after small-scale clearing. Contrary to the conventional view that human activities damage the environment, Glaser says: “ Black carbon combines with human wastes is responsible for the richness of Terra Preta soils.”